The Mediterranean Fruit Fly: Efficient Dynamic and Static Phytosanitary Measures, Information Values, and Current Policy

A bioeconomic model is used to examine efficient dynamic and static phytosanitary policies (cold treatment periods) designed to maximize the annual present value of net monthly U.S. welfare associated with trade in commodities that serve as hosts for the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly). Accounting for the presence of the current U.S. medfly detection and control program, efficient dynamic and static policies require less cold treatment and increase U.S. welfare 9% and 3%, respectively, relative to the current minimum 14-day treatment period. The potential value of adjusting treatment periods regularly using available information on medfly pressure abroad is shown to be nontrivial.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Relations/Trade,

Establishing a Baseline for Nitrogen Policy Assessment

nitrogen, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen management, Environmental Economics and Policy,

Economic Determinants of Invasion and Discovery of Nonindigenous Insects

Introductions of nonindigenous organisms into the United States have been linked to international trade. The individual contributions of imports, immigration, and international travel, however, are poorly understood because introduction dates are unavailable. We examine relationships between economic trends and discoveries of nonindegenous insects and use these relationships to infer the timing and determinants of introductions. We find that a few variables can explain much variation in species introductions and identifications. The most significant contributor to the introduction appears to be agricultural imports. Currently available proxies for academic effort are weak determinants of the probability that introduced species are identified.identifications, insects, introductions, invasive species, nonindegenous, Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries, F18, N7, Q56,

Troy and the Rings: Tolkien and the Medieval Myth of England

Asserts that, far from abandoning his early grounding in the classics upon discovering Northern mythology and languages, Greek and Roman motifs remained an important element of Tolkien’s “soup” and he used them in many ways in The Lord of the Rings. Livingston pays particular attention to themes, characters, incidents, and Mediterranean history that have roots in The Iliad. Family structure is one place where we can see convincing parallels, with Boromir as an asterisk-Hector and Faramir as an asterisk-Paris, rewriting the deficiencies in their source-characters as Gondor is the history of Troy re-written

The Myths of the Author: Tolkien and the Medieval Origins of the Word \u3ci\u3eHobbit\u3c/i\u3e

Leads us on a linguistic journey into the origins of the words hobbit and Baggins and their surprising relations to one another

The Shell-shocked Hobbit: The First World War and Tolkien\u27s Trauma of the Ring

Describes the Battle of the Somme and Tolkien’s participation in it. Pointing out the parallels between the battle-scarred landscapes of Northern Europe and Middle-earth, Livingston notes that while they are worth cataloging, it is Tolkien’s nuanced and sympathetic depiction of Frodo’s post-traumatic stress disorder that is the most compelling result of the author’s war experiences. Provides a good overview of Tolkien’s war experiences and his literary response to them

Preliminary Assessment of Nitrous Oxide Offsets in a Cap and Trade Program

Nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas that is emitted from cropland treated with nitrogen fertilizer. Reducing such emissions through nutrient management might be able to produce offsets for sale in a cap and trade program aimed at reducing greenhouse gases. We use the Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Program (NLEAP) model and data from the Agricultural and Resource Management Survey to examine what changes in rate, timing, or method of application a farmer would take to produce offsets. We find that reducing the application rate is the most favored approach for producing offsets. We also find that some management choices may increase nitrate losses to water.nitrous oxide, nutrient management, cap and trade, NLEAP, greenhouse gas, Environmental Economics and Policy,

Dynamic Force, Motion, and Life in Digital Design.

The purpose of this paper is to explore specific works that I have created as it relates to digital art and design. My works include abstract, organic objects that exist within surrealistic environments. First, I explain the dynamics of the imagery that has emerged from my career in broadcast television, my coursework in the Department of Art and Design at East Tennessee State University, and the works of fantasy, surreal, and abstract artists. In conclusion, the images discussed impose an idea of abstraction and surrealism with a sense of force, motion, life, and dynamic action